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Chess - is measured by the number of organized clubs in player and the published literature about the game - before Dame, mill, Halma and the many descendants of the most popular board game-Pachisi in Europe. The chess games are pretty similar Xiangqi, Shogi and Makruk occupy a similar place in East Asian cultures.

It is both a pure pleasure and played competitively in chess clubs, tournaments, online chess server or via correspondence chess via e-mail, fax, and Fernschachserver postcard. According to a representative survey published in January 2007 in Germany, playing almost a third of men and about one in eight women at least occasionally check. [2] An already very ancient offshoot of chess, the art or chess problem (chess composition). Unlike the game of chess play here are not two parties against each other, but a chess composer creates and publishes a task that has to be solved ("Chess without a partner) . The chess composition is evaluated according to aesthetic criteria.

The chess game is played on a square chess board, divided into 64 alternating black and white square boxes. On each of these sixteen black and white chess pieces are moved, one of which is usually a large part defeated by one. The chess pieces are usually made of wood or plastic, as well as some decorative playsets made of stone, glass, marble or metal (for example, are made of tin).

To entwines the invention of the game, the "grain of wheat legend." The alleged inventor Sissa asked by his ruler, his fill as a reward the 64 fields to the board with wheat grains, on the first field in a grain cart to double click on the second two grains on the third four grains, and every other field as many as in the previous field. The ruler was surprised at the modesty of the request. Overall, this would be yet more than 18 trillion have been wheat grains, and all the world since the beginning of harvesting grain crops were not sufficient to do so. The legend expresses the difficulty of assessing the growth of exponential functions properly. The story is also a metaphor for the diversity of chess.

Chess is one of the most complex board games. The number of possible positions is estimated at 2.28 · 1046th After just two features may occur 72 084 different positions. The number of possible game paths is again much larger: even for the first 40 moves, the estimates amount to about 10115-10120 various game histories. This is based on the geometric mean over the game course of about 30 possible ply per position . In game theory, chess is the ultimate zero-sum games with perfect information found. Theoretically, one could then determine if either side wins in the perfect play white or black or ending the game must draw. According to current knowledge, it seems impossible that this question can be resolved by full calculation of the search tree. Results for material distribution with six and sometimes up to seven stones are, however, been already calculated and endgame databases (so-called Table Bases) are available.

Statistically, White brings more attractive than the average more points than black, that is about 54 percent of possible points. [ This move advantage is generally attributed to the fact that white in the development of the characters has a speed advantage. The draw ratio, ie the relative frequency of matches with a draw out, at around one-third and increases with the level of play of those involved.